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We present a literature review of the different approaches in deterministic modelling of pedogenesis, as well as of models developed in other scientific fields that might be adapted to pedogenetic problems. We distinguish two types of modelling, deriving from a so-called classic soil-science approach based exclusively on the analysis of the soil solid phase, and deriving from other scientific fields...
Permanent vegetative buffers with grass and/or trees are expected to improve soil porosity compared to row crop management, yet little is known about the extent of changes in soil properties with depth and how rapidly these changes take place. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of agroforestry and grass buffers on computed tomography (CT)-measured macropore (diam. >1000 μm)...
During decades, in semiarid agroecosystems of the Ebro valley, intensive soil tillage and low crop residue input has led to a loss of soil structure. Conservation tillage and cropping intensification can improve soil structure in these areas. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of three different tillage systems (conventional tillage, CT; reduced tillage, RT; and no-tillage,...
The objectives of this study were to compare some selected hydro-physical properties of soils developed from different parent material under the same climate type, similar topography and vegetation cover and to present significant differences in the soil characteristics with numerical values. For this purpose, five different sites with similar topography, vegetation cover, the same climate type, and...
An exotic grass Spartina alterniflora was intentionally introduced to Jiuduansha wetlands in Yangtze River estuary in 1997, and since then it had rapidly replaced native plant Scirpus mariqueter that used to dominate the estuarine salt marshes. We investigated consequences of S. alterniflora invasion to soil labile and recalcitrant C and N compared to the native S. mariqueter using soil fractionation...
The sorption and mobility of trace metals in calcareous soils (calcaric Fluvisols) were studied in experimental columns using nine soil samples extracted from Ap and AC horizons, under laboratory conditions. A contaminating solution with six heavy metals at identical concentrations (350 mg kg −1 for each metal) was used to saturate the soil columns, and after the contamination assay two successive...
This paper analyses the seasonal and land use induced variability of soil hydraulic and soil hydrological properties such as saturated hydraulic conductivity, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, infiltration capacity, field capacity and bulk density of two typical Northern German soil types: Podzol and Stagnosol. For both soils, three areas under different land uses were identified within ‘homogeneous’...
The pedological mass balance (PMB) model is still among the best quantitative geochemical approaches to estimate chemical weathering and pedogenesis. This one-dimensional vertical approach permits estimation of the enrichment factor for a given element in a soil layer, based on changes in 1) residual enrichment, 2) strain, and 3) mass transport. The first two components represent the “closed-system”...
Organic soil amendments are increasingly being examined for their potential use in preventing soil losses. The influence of two organic wastes (cotton gin crushed compost, CC, and poultry manure, PM) applied during a period of four years on a Xerollic Calciorthid under dryland conditions near to Seville (Guadalquivir Valley, Andalusia, Spain) on soil physical properties (structural instability and...
The spatial variability of soil erosion was studied through the use of fallout radionuclides (FRNs) and geostatistics. The spatial correlation structures of radiocesium ( 137 Cs), soil redistribution and organic matter (OM) content have been established in a 2.16 ha agricultural field located 30 km east of Quebec City, Canada.A significant relationship was found between 137 Cs (Bq...
The impact of field surface conditions and erosion processes on runoff volume, soil loss and sediment particle size during the rainfall runoff period was investigated. Results are reported for multiple events and from within individual events (intra-event) for sites with different corn (Zea mays L.) management systems (i.e., grain (CG), silage (CS), and silage-manure (CSM)). The multi-event bulk runoff...
Soil organic matter (SOM) stabilisation on tropical sloping land can be influenced by slash burning and erosion processes. However, information on the behaviour of potentially stable components of organic matter on burned sites is scarce. This study is focused on organic matter soluble after demineralisation of the samples with hydrofluoric acid (HF soluble) and organic matter remaining after hydrolysis...
Total phosphorus (P), Olsen P, microbial P and different labile P fractions determined by a modified Hedley procedure, together to acid phosphatase (P-ase), pH and organic C, were analyzed in soil from four Nothofagus rainforest ecosystems differing in forest type and management. The sites included two evergreen (EF) and two secondary deciduous (DF) rainforests growing in an Andisol of southern Chile...
This study focuses on the use of laboratory spectroscopy to recognize the presence and abundance of salts in soils. To create soil samples with large variations in soil salinity, six different saline solutions in various densities were prepared (containing either MgCl 2 , NaCl, KCl, K 2 SO 4 , MgSO 4 or Na 2 SO 4 ). The saline solution were used to sub-irrigate...
Application of principles of fractal geometry has had a strong influence on the understanding of many geological processes. One of the research fields which has benefited of the development of fractal methods is soil science. In this field fractal geometry techniques, mainly applied to the study of Particle Size Distributions (PSD), contributed to shed new light on the complex dynamics involved in...
Many or most subsurface pollution problems at the field scale involve such simultaneous processes as water flow, multicomponent solute transport, heat transport and biogeochemical processes and reactions. Process-based models that integrate these various processes can be valuable tools for investigating the mobility of a wide range of inorganic and organic contaminants subject to different hydrologic...
Chemical or mineralogical profiles in regolith display reaction fronts that document depletion of leachable elements or minerals. A generalized equation employing lumped parameters was derived to model such ubiquitously observed patterns:C=C0C0−Cx=0Cx=0exp(Γini·kˆ·x)+1Here C, C x=0 , and C o are the concentrations of an element at a given depth x, at the top of the reaction front,...
Here we present a scheme for modelling soil landscape development in hummocky agricultural landscapes of formerly glaciated terrains. Soil landscape development is regarded as discontinuous over time. Long-term progressive soil development during the Holocene was replaced abruptly by an intense period of regressive pedogenesis during the last 50 years, which is deduced from published 137 Cs...
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